This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic profile of incarcerated individuals in Brazil using data collected by the National Survey of Penitentiary Information from 2014 and 2021, in order to provide an overview of the profile of Brazilian inmates, the most common crimes committed, and the most dangerous regions. The research results indicated that the socioeconomic profile of the prison population in Brazil is predominantly composed of young, male, mixed-race/Black individuals with low educational attainment for the years 2014 and 2021. Regarding the most frequently committed crimes, it was observed that property crimes lead to the highest incarceration rates, followed by drug-related offenses and crimes against life. In terms of regions, the results show that Acre, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Espírito Santo had the highest incarceration rates in 2021.