This article examines the degree of protection granted by the Colombian Constitutional Court to the traditional health practices of Black, Afro-Colombian, Raizal, and Palenquera communities. It begins with the question: what levels of protection has the Colombian Constitutional Court assigned to these traditional health practices, and how has this protection evolved between 1992 and 2024? The working hypothesis argues that the Constitutional Court has moved from an initial, essentially symbolic protection, focused on recognizing these practices as part of ethnic and cultural diversity, to substantive protection, in which these practices are understood as legitimate forms of providing health services. However, this jurisprudential expansion coexists with structural limitations: the absence of fully intercultural public policies and the state’s mediation of community knowledge. Through a qualitative methodology of dynamic analysis of constitutional precedent, a jurisprudential line is constructed that identifies three levels of protection: (i) cultural recognition; (ii) the right to their own health system, integrated with the General Social Security System in Health, under parameters of equality; and (iii) consideration of traditional practices (for example, Afro-descendant midwifery) as a form of medicine and a health service. It is concluded that, although the constitutional precedent imposes specific obligations on the Colombian State, gaps still exist in the intercultural implementation of these obligations in the territories.